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📄 ESSRT — Read the paper

Holistic view of our universe — Expanding Solar System Resonance Theory

Preprint Available: “The Expanding Solar System Resonance Theory: A Geocentric Model of Earth’s Precession Cycles, Eclipses and Deep-Time Climate” on Research Square. Read the preprint → 

What if the orbits of all eight planets, the wobble of Earth’s axis, and the rhythm of ice ages are governed by the same physics, read against one clock? This holistic view proposes exactly that: Earth’s long cycles as periods and ratios against its lunisolar precession clock, with every planet’s motion derived from the model’s own N-body engine — explaining solar system dynamics and Earth’s climate record from formation to the present day.

How the model works, in 60 seconds

The model runs on one derived clock and one fitted anchor:

  • The clock — Earth’s mean lunisolar precession period, 25,771.4 years at J2000, derived from the model’s own year laws (the IAU value to eight parts in a million) and lengthening through geological time as tides slow the spin
  • The fitted anchor — 335,317 years, the unit of the model’s small periodic correction terms, calibrated on the 1246 AD perihelion–solstice alignment

Everything else is read from the model’s own dynamics: Earth’s other long periods as beats of the clock with its orbit’s motions, the planets’ periods from an N-body integration seeded by one cited J2000 state. Change the anchor by even a few years and the cardinal points, the day lengths and the eclipses stop matching the record. That’s what makes the model holistic — and what makes it falsifiable. (The clock was ~21,699 yr at 380 Ma; see Expanding Resonance for the deep-time evolution.)

The numbers were derived from J2000 measurements, not theorized. A 3D simulation reproduces the positions of the Sun, Moon, and all eight planets to RMS < 0.09° against JPL Horizons (1800–2200 AD).

See How It Works for the derivation methodology and Supporting Evidence for what aligns with and where the model differs from current science.


Two Motions, One Ratio

The model starts from a single observation: two of Earth’s precession motions rotate in opposite directions.

MotionDirectionCycle
Axial PrecessionClockwise~25,771 years
Apsidal PrecessionCounter-clockwise~111,570 years
Schematic of Earth's two counter-rotating precession motions. The perihelion direction rotates counter-clockwise around the Sun (apsidal precession, about 111,570 years). Earth's Wobble Center circles Earth clockwise (axial precession, about 25,771 years — the model's clock).

Earth’s two counter-rotating precessions. The perihelion direction advances counter-clockwise around the Sun at T ≈ ~111,570 years (apsidal precession); Earth’s Wobble Center circles Earth clockwise at T ≈ ~25,771 years (axial precession, the clock). Their ratio reads 4.329 today — a reading that wanders, not a constant.

Because the two motions run in opposite directions their rates add, and their beat is the ~20,936-year perihelion-of-date cycle. From this starting point the model derives quantities normally calculated separately: precession of the equinoxes, obliquity oscillation, eccentricity cycles and Milankovitch beat frequencies, length of days and years, and climate patterns (ice ages) — while the eight planets themselves ride the model’s own N-body engine, derived from one cited J2000 state with zero fitted constants.

Everything is read against one clock: Earth’s other long periods are beats of the precession clock with its orbit’s own motions, and the planets’ periods are the N-body engine’s eigenfrequencies. A 3D simulation visualises it all in one interactive view. (Earlier versions of this site read the ratios as fixed integers dividing a 335,317-year “Earth Fundamental Cycle” and an eight-fold “Solar System Resonance Cycle”; that framing is retired — Earth’s Clock.)


Why This Matters

Modern celestial mechanics — JPL Horizons, Laskar’s secular theory, high-precision ephemerides — achieves sub-arcsecond accuracy on Myr timescales and remains the right instrument for high-precision position prediction. Several structural gaps remain:

  1. No closed-form solution exists. The gravitational n-body problem cannot be solved exactly; positions must be computed step-by-step.
  2. Each phenomenon has its own model. Precession, obliquity, eccentricity, and day/year lengths are all driven by gravity but modelled independently with different parameterizations.
  3. No closed-form framework ties all eight planets’ tilts and eccentricities to a single timescale. Each planet’s orbital tilt and eccentricity are treated as independent outcomes of formation, with no structure linking them collectively.
  4. No unified 3D simulation. Existing tools handle orbital mechanics or Milankovitch cycles in isolation. None bring axial precession, obliquity oscillation, perihelion precession, eccentricity cycles, day/year length variation, and all eight planets’ orbits into a single interactive view.

Observation First — A Bottom-Up Approach

Standard paleoclimate theory takes the climate record as its starting point. The 100-kyr, 41-kyr, and 23-kyr cycles observed in ice cores and ocean sediments are interpreted by selecting which combinations of planetary motions best fit each peak — eigenmode beats from classical Laplace–Lagrange theory. The math is rigorous, but the climate-to-planet attribution is fitted to the data. Several major puzzles remain unexplained: the 100,000-year problem (eccentricity forcing is too weak to drive ice ages directly), the absence of the theoretically dominant 400-kyr cycle in post-MPT climate records, and the Mid-Pleistocene Transition ~1 million years ago.

This holistic view reverses the direction. It starts from directly observed orbital motion — Earth’s measured precession periods, every planet’s measured orbital cycles — anchored against JPL Horizons / WebGeoCalc ephemeris data (1800–2100 AD, RMS < 0.09°) and historical astronomical records. From these observations the model’s own N-body engine yields the planets’ secular modes, and Earth’s spin clock is derived from its year laws. Only then are the beats of those quantities — the climate formula’s 28 orbital lines — overlaid onto the climate record. The line periods are fixed by the model’s dynamics, not fitted to climate — only the per-line amplitudes are fitted to LR04 / CENOGRID / EPICA / CenCO2PIP.

The framework makes a structural commitment the standard approach does not: the orbital layer carries only the engine’s own beat lines, a sharply falsifiable claim. A climate peak with no counterpart among those beats would refute the orbital layer.

The canonical 3-layer Climate Formula plotted against LR04 δ¹⁸O over the past 700,000 years. Model curve (red) follows the data (black) through seven glacial-interglacial cycles.

The canonical Climate Formula on LR04 δ¹⁸O over the past 700,000 years. R² = 0.779 post-MPT — the 28 engine-derived orbital lines (with the 405-kyr carbon-thermostat family) and the step transitions capture most of the post-MPT climate signal.


From Software to Theory

This framework began as a software project — a 3D simulation built from just 6 free parameters. The simulation reproduces the positions of the Sun, Moon, and all seven planets — verified against JPL Horizons ephemeris data and historical astronomical observations. From the same geometric framework it simultaneously produces obliquity, eccentricity, perihelion precession, and inclination oscillation for all planets — quantities normally computed by separate models.

From this, a theoretical framework emerged:

  • Observable patterns in obliquity, eccentricity, orbital longitudes, and planetary motions could be captured in closed-form formulas
  • Precise measurements of day lengths and year lengths in the 3D model also reduced to formulas
  • A clock emerged: Earth’s axial precession period, derived from the year laws, against which every other Earth period is a beat — and which lengthens through geological time on the measured tidal history
  • The planets moved onto dynamics: an N-body engine seeded by one cited J2000 state supplies the secular modes; an earlier integer-label reading of the planets’ periods (the “Fibonacci Laws”, a Jupiter–Saturn “lock”, Saturn’s “anti-phase” balance role, a formation-epoch KAM story) was tested against the engine’s own eigenfrequencies, found to carry no information, and retired with its record (Earth’s Clock)

The simulation also serves as a test bed: existing results such as Souami & Souchay’s (2012) invariable plane definitions can be verified, and eight testable predictions — each naming the observation that would falsify it — can be checked against future observations.


Headline Findings — Climate Cluster

The model’s climate work is grounded in four independent proxy records (LR04 / CENOGRID / EPICA / CenCO2PIP). Three results stand out:

  • R² = 0.779 — the 28 engine-derived orbital lines (L1, with the 405-kyr carbon-thermostat family inside) plus the boundary-condition step transitions (L3) on post-MPT LR04; 0.730 on EPICA CO₂, 0.692 on CenCO2PIP 0–66 Ma. (The comb-era formula with 33 integer-labelled lines fitted 0.87; the shipped physical-line formula pays the honest price of carrying only the engine’s own beats.) These are in-window descriptions: fitted on one half of a regime window, the lines have no skill on the other half (T7, pre-registered); the model’s own orbital histories predict 0.357 of post-MPT LR04 out of sample — the prediction, published beside the description.
  • ΔR² ≈ 0 — adding classical Berger 1978 insolation features (ε, e, e·sin ϖ, e·cos ϖ) with the real orbital elements (Laskar 2004 / 2010) on top of the formula yields no cross-window-stable gain in any regime. Classical insolation features alone explain only R² = 0.0544 post-MPT — 16× less than the orbital lines alone. The beat lines subsume the Berger insolation parameterization.
  • Two tiers at deep time — the formula’s precession-band and obliquity lines ride Earth’s lengthening clock; its eccentricity-band lines are planetary beats and do not. Every newly dated Precambrian section tests the split (Expanding Resonance).

Read the Climate Summary → for the full synthesis statement and empirical case in one table.


An open framework, not a closed theory

The model is offered as a framework for testing scientific theories, not a final word. Every observable in the published literature is reproduced; the deliberate departures from current consensus (the 100,000-yr glacial cycle origin, the Munk-MacDonald non-tidal speedup, the two-tier deep-time scaling of the climate lines) are catalogued with discriminating tests — and two former departures were settled by the model’s own engine and retired with their records: Mercury’s perihelion anomaly (resolved to General Relativity, now carried as a derived supplement) and Saturn’s perihelion direction (the retrograde is the window phase of the Jupiter–Saturn epicycle).

All data, formulas, and the 3D simulation are publicly available. We invite independent replication and contradicting evidence — the framework is most useful when others apply it to their own data and report what they find.

Read more on Supporting Evidence → An open framework — invitation to test


Explore the Model

The Model

Learn how two counter-rotating reference points describe Earth’s precession, obliquity, and eccentricity

3D Simulation

See the model in action with the interactive 3D solar system simulation

Mathematical Foundations

How H was derived, the two-engine parameter accounting, and the falsifiability criteria — all from one number

Why Earth Is Special

Earth’s unique reference frame duality, the interface where the two engines meet, and why one planet anchors the entire framework

The Derived Sun

The apparent solar longitude assembled from the framework’s own year-length physics — zero fitted solar constants, 1.03″ against JPL, and the Sun inside every eclipse result on this site

The Derived Moon

The classical lunar theory rebuilt with every constant carrying its origin: the perturbation amplitudes from gravity at 100.0 ± 0.1%, the axial tilt from the Cassini state, and exactly one number left to nature

Climate Formula

The capstone synthesis: gravitational coupling, not insolation alone, drives Earth’s climate. R² = 0.779 on post-MPT LR04.

Moon & Planets

The planetary layer on the model’s own N-body engine — derived from one cited J2000 state, zero fitted constants

Supporting Evidence

Where the model meets standard astronomy — open problems, peer-reviewed alignments (Berger, Muller-MacDonald, Laskar), and observational tests

Predictions

Six testable predictions including the elements turning where standard polynomials keep going, the Lunar Precession Invariant, the deep-time obliquity band on the precession–s₃ beat, and the deglacial spin-up leading the interglacial optimum

Scientific Background

Comparison with standard theory and detailed methodology

Orbital Calculator

Compute Earth orbital parameters, day/year lengths, and planetary precession rates for any year

Start reading: How It Works →


Quick Facts

  • The clock — axial precession: 25,771.4 years at J2000 (derived; lengthens through geological time)
  • The fitted anchor: 335,317 years — the unit of the correction bases, 13.011 clock periods
  • Apsidal precession: ~111,570 years (4.329 clock periods — a reading that wanders)
  • Perihelion precession (of date): ~20,936 years (0.8124 clock periods)
  • Obliquity cycle: ~41,224 years (the beat of the clock against the orbit plane’s nodal turn)
  • Obliquity range: ~22.21° – ~24.72°
  • The planets: every planet’s orbital shape and tilt from the model’s own N-body engine — see Moon & Planets
Overview showing interconnected precession cycles

Written, edited and composed by D. van Sonsbeek.
All original content Copyright © 2022-2026 D. van Sonsbeek. All rights reserved unless explicitly stated otherwise. The model source code is licensed under AGPL-3.0 ; commercial enquiries are welcome — see Licensing for what separate terms can cover.

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